褪黑素（Melatonin）用于失眠

Q: Does 褪黑素（Melatonin） help with 失眠?

Based on 237 studies with 54,266 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that 褪黑素（Melatonin） may support 失眠 management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

Q: How much 褪黑素（Melatonin） should I take for 失眠?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 0.5-3 mg, 30-60 min before bed. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Q: Are there side effects of 褪黑素（Melatonin）?

Reported side effects may include Daytime drowsiness, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

Q: How strong is the evidence for 褪黑素（Melatonin） and 失眠?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 237 peer-reviewed studies with 54,266 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

基于143项研究（13项荟萃分析、15项RCT），共44,766名参与者。92/143项研究显示积极效果。

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结论

Melatonin is supported by strong, extensive evidence as a supplement that may help with insomnia, making it one of the most well-researched natural sleep aids available.

143 studies with 44,766 participants — among the largest evidence bases for any sleep supplement
13 meta-analyses and 15 RCTs provide high-quality evidence
Recognized in multiple clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements
About 64% of studies show positive effects; results may vary by insomnia type and population

Key Study Findings

Other

A bedside-savior for insomnia and anxiety disorders: melatonin/buspirone hydrochloride compound oral fast-dissolving film.

Dose: melatonin + buspirone hydrochloride vs: None Outcome: product development for insomnia with anxiety 效果: None None

研究人群: patients with insomnia and anxiety disorders (formulation development)

review

Pediatric Insomnia.

Dose: Melatonin (various doses), CBT-I (behavioral), pharmacologic options (z-drugs, other) vs: Placebo 效果: CBT-I most effective treatment; melatonin beneficial in children with ASD or ADHD; limited evidence None

animal study

Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang alleviates insomnia complicated with depression by reshaping actinobacteria to inhibit neuronal …

Dose: Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang (CCJF) traditional Chinese medicine formula; dose not specified vs: Placebo 效果: None None

Observational Study n=55

Correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels in Japanese 5-year-old children …

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin … 效果: None p<0.05

研究人群: Japanese 5-year-old children (45 ASD, 10 non-ASD)

Controlled Clinical Trial n=24 2 weeks

D-Ribose-L-Cysteine protects against sodium arsenite-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats.

Dose: 10 mg/kg body weight vs: Sodium arsenite group (SA, no riboceine) Outcome: Hepato-nephrotoxicity markers (ALT, AST, creatinine) 效果: None None

研究人群: Rats with sodium arsenite-induced toxicity

review

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder.

Dose: Scheduled melatonin, scheduled sleep-wake times, bright light therapy vs: Placebo 效果: None None

Key Statistics

237

研究数量

54266

受试者

↑

Positive

等级

Referenced Papers

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Pediatric Insomnia. Review

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Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang alleviates insomnia complicated with depression by reshaping actinobacteria to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Other

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A bedside-savior for insomnia and anxiety disorders: melatonin/buspirone hydrochloride compound oral fast-dissolving film. Other

European journal of … 2026

Correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels in Japanese 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Other

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Navigating Melatonin Safety: Fact, Fiction, and Confounders. Other

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Sleep medicine 2025 13 次引用

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Sleep medicine 2025 13 次引用

Insomnia in older adults: A review of treatment options. Review

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Over-the-counter products for insomnia in adults: A scoping review of randomised controlled trials. Review

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Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder: From the pathophysiologic perspective to the treatment. Review

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Neuroscience letters 2025 3 次引用

The Efficacy of Melatonergic Receptor Agonists Used in Clinical Practice in Insomnia Treatment: Melatonin, Tasimelteon, Ramelteon, Agomelatine, and Selected Herbs. Review

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2025 2 次引用

Melatonin's paradox: From therapeutic benefits to toxicity warnings. Review

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ADHD as a circadian rhythm disorder: evidence and implications for chronotherapy. Other

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Melatonin dose and timing: Do we have it right? Review

CNS spectrums 2025 1 次引用

Melatonin agonist tasimelteon (HETLIOZ®) improves sleep in patients with primary insomnia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. RCT

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Circadian Rhythm Timing and Associations With Sleep Symptoms in People With Insomnia. Other

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Unraveling the connection between the Mediterranean diet and sleep health: from biological mechanisms to clinical implications. Review

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Therapeutic Dilemma: Melatonin or not? Other

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Lactobacillus reuteri E9 Regulates Sleep Disorders Through Its Metabolite GABA. Other

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Unraveling Cannabidiol's Bidirectional Regulation of Melatonin Pharmacokinetics via PEPT1/CYP1A2: Mechanistic Insights and Quantitative Projections. Other

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 2025

Banxia Shumi Decoction Improves Sleep and Neural Function in Insomnia Male Rats via BDNF/TrkB/CREB-Dependent Melatonin Signaling Activation. Other

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D-Ribose-L-Cysteine protects against sodium arsenite-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats. Other

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[Nutrition in improving sleep quality and fighting insomnia]. Review

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Melatonin for blood pressure control in adults. Other

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Melatonin: beyond circadian regulation - exploring its diverse physiological roles and therapeutic potential. Review

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Melatonin, Melatonin Receptors and Sleep: Moving Beyond Traditional Views. Review

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Optimizing the Time and Dose of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Drug: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Dose-Response … Meta-Analysis

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Melatonin use in managing insomnia in children with autism and other neurogenetic disorders - An assessment by the international pediatric … Other

Sleep medicine 2024 24 次引用

Herbal and Natural Supplements for Improving Sleep: A Literature Review. Other

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Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis Improves Overall Sleep Quality in Human Subjects with Sleep Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical … RCT

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Interventions for insomnia in cancer patients and survivors-a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis

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Evaluation and management of insomnia in the clinical practice in Italy: a 2023 update from the Insomnia Expert Consensus Group. Review

Journal of neurology 2024 21 次引用

European expert guidance on management of sleep onset insomnia and melatonin use in typically developing children. Review

European journal of … 2024 19 次引用

Impact of a Novel Valerian Extract on Sleep Quality, Relaxation, and GABA/Serotonin Receptor Activity in a Murine Model. Other

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2024 17 次引用

Molecular strategies to enhance the keratinase gene expression and its potential implications in poultry feed industry. Other

Poultry science 2024 17 次引用

Shen Yuan extract exerts a hypnotic effect via the tryptophan/5-hydroxytryptamine/melatonin pathway in mice. Other

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The therapeutic potential of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Polygalae Radix in insomnia management: Insights from gut microbiota and serum metabolomics … Other

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Delayed sleep wake phase disorder in adolescents: an updated review. Review

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Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sleep. Review

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Inhibition of sulfur assimilation by S-benzyl-L-cysteine: Impacts on growth, photosynthesis, and leaf proteome of maize plants. Other

Plant physiology and … 2024 9 次引用

Effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia and sleep hormones in patients with diabetes mellitus. RCT

Frontiers in endocrinology 2024 9 次引用

Insomnia in children affected by autism spectrum disorder: The role of melatonin in treatment. Review

Sleep medicine 2024 8 次引用

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease: if when and how. Review

Expert opinion on … 2024 7 次引用

Melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists in the treatment of nocturia: A systematic review. Systematic Review

Neurourology and urodynamics 2024 7 次引用

Melatonin use in infants and toddlers. Other

Sleep medicine 2024 6 次引用

Biosynthetic Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain: Insights and Implications. Other

International journal of … 2024 5 次引用

Temazepam or Melatonin Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Insomnia in Advanced Cancer: A Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized … RCT

Journal of palliative … 2024 5 次引用

A scoping review of over-the-counter products for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older people. Review

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Commonly encountered symptoms and their management in patients with cirrhosis. Review

Frontiers in medicine 2024 4 次引用

Catching ZZZs: A Summary of the Most Common Herbal Medications Taken for Insomnia. Review

American journal of … 2024 3 次引用

The use of prolonged-release melatonin in circadian medicine: a systematic review. Systematic Review

Minerva medica 2024 3 次引用

Comparison Between Efficacy of Oral Melatonin and Oral L-theanine in Improving Sleep in Cancer Patients Suffering From Insomnia: A Randomised … Other

Indian journal of … 2024 3 次引用

Efficacy and Tolerability of a Food Supplement Based on Zea mays L., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.br.ex Sm, Zinc and Chromium … RCT

Nutrients 2024 3 次引用

Impact of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on spindle morphology and reactive oxygen species in vitrified/warmed in vitro matured bovine oocytes. Other

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Effects of the PREMEN-CALM® in the Management of the Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. RCT

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Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. RCT

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Melatonin-related dysfunction in chronic restraint stress triggers sleep disorders in mice. Other

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Ziwuliuzhu Acupuncture Modulates Clock mRNA, Bmal1 mRNA and Melatonin in Insomnia Rats. Other

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Pistacia vera Extract Potentiates the Effect of Melatonin on Human Melatonin MT1 and MT2 Receptors with Functional Selectivity. Other

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Melatonin and Aging. Review

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Neurologia 2022 78 次引用

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Sleep medicine reviews 2022 48 次引用

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Neurologia 2022 47 次引用

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Revista brasileira de … 2022 30 次引用

The Effects of the Exogenous Melatonin on Shift Work Sleep Disorder in Health Personnel: A Systematic Review. Systematic Review

International journal of … 2022 25 次引用

Hypnotic and Melatonin/Melatonin-Receptor Agonist Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Meta-Analysis

CNS drugs 2022 25 次引用

[Therapeutic approaches for sleep and rhythms disorders in children with ASD]. RCT

L'Encephale 2022 21 次引用

Assessing the potential for drug interactions and long term safety of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in children with … Review

Expert review of … 2022 17 次引用

Is Shift Work Sleep Disorder a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components? A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies. Systematic Review

Metabolic syndrome and … 2022 16 次引用

A Reduced Tryptophan Diet in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Improves Their Abdominal Symptoms and Their Quality of Life … Other

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Women's mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan-melatonin axis. Review

Frontiers in physiology 2022 10 次引用

Evaluation of the pharmacological effects and exploration of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Ciwujia tablets in treating insomnia … Other

Frontiers in pharmacology 2022 9 次引用

Melatonin as a complementary and prophylactic agent against COVID-19 in high-risk populations: A narrative review of recent findings from clinical … Review

Fundamental & clinical … 2022 5 次引用

Inhibitory effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), n-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor (KN93) on Cd2+-induced abnormal cell … Other

The Science of … 2022 4 次引用

Insomnia treatment: a new multitasking natural compound based on melatonin and cannabis extracts. Observational

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The use of dietary supplements for mental health among the Saudi population: A cross-sectional survey. Other

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Melatonin Prescribing in Assisted Living. Other

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Structural basis of the ligand binding and signaling mechanism of melatonin receptors. Other

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Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship. Other

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Neurocognitive effects of melatonin treatment in healthy adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis … Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience and biobehavioral … 2021 90 次引用

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: a Contemporary Review of Neurobiology, Treatment, and Dysregulation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Review

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Biological rhythms and chronotherapeutics in depression. Review

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Pediatric prolonged-release melatonin for insomnia in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Other

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An investigation into an evening intake of a saffron extract (affron®) on sleep quality, cortisol, and melatonin concentrations in adults … RCT

Sleep medicine 2021 32 次引用

The effect of melatonin on sleep quality and insomnia in patients with cancer: a systematic review study. Systematic Review

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[Effect of electroacupuncture on serum melatonin and dopamine in aged insomnia]. RCT

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Nutraceuticals for Sleep Disorders. Review

Combinatorial chemistry & … 2021 16 次引用

Regulatory aspects and evidences of melatonin use for sleep disorders and insomnia: an integrative review. Review

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2021 16 次引用

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Medications Used in Older People for the Treatment of Primary … Systematic Review

The Senior care … 2021 12 次引用

Use of Nutraceutical Ingredient Combinations in the Management of Tension-Type Headaches with or without Sleep Disorders. Review

Nutrients 2021 4 次引用

[Nutrition impact on insomnia treatment]. Review

Nutricion hospitalaria 2021 3 次引用

Sleep and pain: recent insights, mechanisms, and future directions in the investigation of this relationship. Review

Journal of neural … 2020 194 次引用

Insomnia and menopause: a narrative review on mechanisms and treatments. Review

Climacteric : the … 2020 97 次引用

Sleep Issues in Parkinson's Disease and Their Management. Review

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Efficacy and safety of melatonin for sleep onset insomnia in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Meta-Analysis

Sleep medicine 2020 71 次引用

The efficacy of melatonin and melatonin agonists in insomnia - An umbrella review. Systematic Review

Journal of psychiatric … 2020 52 次引用

Efficacy of melatonin for sleep disturbance in middle-aged primary insomnia: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial. RCT

Sleep medicine 2020 41 次引用

Efficacy and safety of non-benzodiazepine and non-Z-drug hypnotic medication for insomnia in older people: a systematic literature review. Systematic Review

European journal of … 2020 39 次引用

Therapy for Insomnia and Circadian Rhythm Disorder in Alzheimer Disease. Review

Current treatment options … 2020 29 次引用

Prescription Drugs Used in Insomnia. Review

Sleep medicine clinics 2020 27 次引用

Dietary sources of melatonin and benefits from production of high melatonin pasteurized milk. Other

Journal of food … 2020 24 次引用

Melatonin and melatonin agonists as treatments for benzodiazepines and hypnotics withdrawal in patients with primary insomnia. A systematic review. Systematic Review

Drug and alcohol … 2020 20 次引用

Effect of L-cysteine, Boswellia serrata, and Whey Protein on the Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Pork Patties. Other

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 15 次引用

Sleep-inducing effect of Passiflora incarnata L. extract by single and repeated oral administration in rodent animals. Other

Food science & … 2020 12 次引用

Optimized one-pot derivatization and enantioseparation of cysteine: Application to the study of a dietary supplement. Other

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Study on the preventive effect of ramelteon on the onset of sleep disorder after general anesthesia in patients with autism … Other

Medicine 2020 4 次引用

Melatonin attenuates 17β-trenbolone induced insomnia-like phenotype and movement deficiency in zebrafish. Other

Chemosphere 2020 4 次引用

Melatonin for insomnia in children. Other

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Structural basis of ligand recognition at the human MT1 melatonin receptor. Other

Nature 2019 186 次引用

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Clinical Pearls on Sleep Management in Atopic Dermatitis. Review

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Teens Who Can't Sleep: Insomnia or Circadian Rhythm Disorder? Case Report

Journal of the … 2019 5 次引用

[Melatonin and sleep disorders: Overview of literature and testing in psychiatric practice]. Review

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Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. RCT

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Insomnia in Elderly Patients: Recommendations for Pharmacological Management. Review

Drugs & aging 2018 131 次引用

The Relationship Between Shift Work and Men's Health. Review

Sexual medicine reviews 2018 74 次引用

The use and misuse of exogenous melatonin in the treatment of sleep disorders. Review

Current opinion in … 2018 29 次引用

Jetlag related sleep problems and their management: A review. Review

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[Melatonin: Physiological and pharmacological aspects related to sleep: The interest of a prolonged-release formulation (Circadin®) in insomnia]. Review

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Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Review

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Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. RCT

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Treatment of Sleep Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Review

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-24-h Sleep-Wake Disorder in the Blind. Review

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Paediatric drugs 2017 26 次引用

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Community Pharmacists' Knowledge Regarding Donepezil Averse Effects and Self-Care Recommendations for Insomnia for Persons with AD. Other

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Sleep Control, GPCRs, and Glucose Metabolism. Review

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Stem cells international 2016 14 次引用

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Assessment and treatment of insomnia in adult patients with alcohol use disorders. Review

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Jet Lag and Shift Work Disorder. Review

Sleep medicine clinics 2015 75 次引用

Treatment of chronic insomnia disorder in menopause: evaluation of literature. Review

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Melatonin and Melatonin Agonists as Adjunctive Treatments in Bipolar Disorders. Review

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Over-the-Counter Agents for the Treatment of Occasional Disturbed Sleep or Transient Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety. Other

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Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder. Review

Sleep medicine clinics 2015 30 次引用

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Is melatonin useful for jet lag? Meta-Analysis

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PloS one 2013 447 次引用

Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Review

Journal of the … 2013 219 次引用

Circadian rhythm abnormalities. Case Report

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2013 172 次引用

Circadian rhythm disorders among adolescents: assessment and treatment options. Review

The Medical journal … 2013 59 次引用

To sleep or not to sleep: a systematic review of the literature of pharmacological treatments of insomnia in children and … Systematic Review

Journal of child … 2013 56 次引用

Air travel: effects of sleep deprivation and jet lag. Review

Chest 2013 53 次引用

Intrinsic circadian period of sighted patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free-running type. CCT

Biological psychiatry 2013 40 次引用

Melatonin: comprehensive profile. Review

Profiles of drug … 2013 26 次引用

Melatonin and its analogs in insomnia and depression. Review

Journal of pineal … 2012 322 次引用

Pharmacotherapy of insomnia. Review

Expert opinion on … 2012 116 次引用

Melatonin in cardiovascular disease. Other

Expert opinion on … 2012 42 次引用

The effects of glycine on subjective daytime performance in partially sleep-restricted healthy volunteers. Other

Frontiers in neurology 2012 27 次引用

Controlled-release melatonin, singly and combined with cognitive behavioural therapy, for persistent insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized … RCT

Journal of sleep … 2012

Shift work disorder case studies: applying management principles in clinical practice. Case Report

The Journal of … 2012

The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Review

Movement disorders : … 2011 1083 次引用

The effect of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc on primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents in Italy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled … RCT

Journal of the … 2011 138 次引用

Melatonin in experimental seizures and epilepsy. Review

Pharmacological reports : … 2011 99 次引用

Melatonin receptor agonists: new options for insomnia and depression treatment. Meta-Analysis

CNS neuroscience & … 2011 73 次引用

Melatonin agonists in primary insomnia and depression-associated insomnia: are they superior to sedative-hypnotics? Review

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology … 2011 71 次引用

Tasimelteon for insomnia. Review

Expert opinion on … 2011 22 次引用

Perioperative melatonin use. Review

Anaesthesia and intensive … 2011 18 次引用

Ramelteon for Insomnia Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Other

Psychopharmacology bulletin 2011 1 次引用

Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics. Review

Journal of pineal … 2011

Effects of a tart cherry juice beverage on the sleep of older adults with insomnia: a pilot study. RCT

Journal of medicinal … 2010 157 次引用

Jet lag, circadian rhythm sleep disturbances, and depression: the role of melatonin and its analogs. Review

Advances in therapy 2010 136 次引用

Melatonin agonists and insomnia. Review

Expert review of … 2010 58 次引用

Keratinolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis AMR using human hair. Other

Letters in applied … 2010 57 次引用

Ready for takeoff? A critical review of armodafinil and modafinil for the treatment of sleepiness associated with jet lag. Other

Nature and science … 2010 3 次引用

Treatment of shift work disorder and jet lag. Other

Current treatment options … 2010

The pathophysiology of jet lag. Review

Travel medicine and … 2009 101 次引用

Circadian rhythm disorders. Review

Seminars in neurology 2009 17 次引用

[Insomnias. II. Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment options]. Meta-Analysis

Der Nervenarzt 2009 6 次引用

[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]. Review

Tidsskrift for den … 2009 6 次引用

Melatonin for primary insomnia? Review

Drug and therapeutics … 2009

[Delayed sleep phase type sleep disorder and chronotherapy]. Case Report

Turk psikiyatri dergisi … 2009

Sleep timing and circadian phase in delayed sleep phase syndrome. Other

Journal of biological … 2009

Tasimelteon, a melatonin agonist for the treatment of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Other

Current opinion in … 2009

Long-term follow-up of melatonin treatment in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. Other

Journal of pineal … 2009

The roles of melatonin and light in the pathophysiology and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Review

Nature clinical practice. … 2008 139 次引用

Melatonergic drugs in clinical practice. Review

Arzneimittel-Forschung 2008 89 次引用

Jet lag: therapeutic use of melatonin and possible application of melatonin analogs. Review

Travel medicine and … 2008 84 次引用

Pharmacotherapy for insomnia. Review

Clinics in geriatric … 2008 53 次引用

Efficacy and clinical safety of ramelteon: an evidence-based review. Review

Sleep medicine reviews 2008 46 次引用

Melatonin treatment in individuals with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled study. RCT

Journal of intellectual … 2008

Complementary and alternative medicine for sleep disturbances in older adults. Review

Clinics in geriatric … 2008

A clinical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Review

Sleep medicine 2007 201 次引用

Therapeutic options for sleep-maintenance and sleep-onset insomnia. Review

Pharmacotherapy 2007 117 次引用

Insomnia associated with valerian and melatonin usage in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Other

Sleep 2007 58 次引用

Self-reported efficacy and tolerability of ramelteon 8 mg in older adults experiencing severe sleep-onset difficulty. RCT

The American journal … 2007 41 次引用

Circadian rhythmicity and the pharmacologic management of insomnia. Review

The American journal … 2007 3 次引用

Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Review

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Hypothermic effects of hops are antagonized with the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole in mice. Other

The Journal of … 2007

Shift work sleep disorder: burden of illness and approaches to management. Review

Drugs 2006 110 次引用

Melatonin: Nature's most versatile biological signal? Review

The FEBS journal 2006 56 次引用

Somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with low performance status. Other

Cancer biotherapy & … 2006 29 次引用

Searching for new options for treating insomnia: are melatonin and ramelteon beneficial? Review

Journal of psychiatric … 2006

Idiopathic chronic sleep onset insomnia in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Other

Chronobiology international 2005 272 次引用

Valerian extract and valerenic acid are partial agonists of the 5-HT5a receptor in vitro. Other

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The human circadian system in normal and disordered sleep. Review

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Sleep disturbances before and after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Other

Surgery 2005

Organ-specific stress induces mouse pancreatic keratin overexpression in association with NF-kappaB activation. Other

Journal of cell … 2004 60 次引用

Circadian rhythm disorders. Review

Seminars in neurology 2004 16 次引用

Melatonin, sleep, and circadian rhythms: rationale for development of specific melatonin agonists. Review

Sleep medicine 2004

Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Review

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2003 719 次引用

Melatonin in children and adolescents with insomnia: a retrospective study. Other

Clinical pediatrics 2003

Brief report: melatonin facilitates sleep in individuals with mental retardation and insomnia. RCT

Journal of autism … 2003

Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. RCT

Journal of the … 2003

Melatonin deficiencies in women. Review

Maturitas 2002 59 次引用

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Primary care 2002 43 次引用

Over-the-counter sleeping pills: a survey of use in Hong Kong and a review of their constituents. Review

General hospital psychiatry 2002 38 次引用

[Melatonin and epilepsy]. Review

Revista de neurologia 2002 35 次引用

Chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion with hypofunction or with hyperfunction of the biological clock. Review

Magnesium research 2002 25 次引用

Melatonin in sleep disorders and jet-lag. Review

Neuro endocrinology letters 2002

Nocturnal cortisol and melatonin secretion in primary insomnia. Other

Psychiatry research 2002

Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia. RCT

The Journal of … 2001 305 次引用

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: pathophysiology and potential approaches to management. Review

CNS drugs 2001 135 次引用

Herbs and nutrients in the treatment of depression, anxiety, insomnia, migraine, and obesity. Other

Journal of psychiatric … 2001 42 次引用

[Drug for the treatment of sleep disorders--review]. Review

Zeitschrift fur arztliche … 2001 3 次引用

Zinc supplementation. Other

Journal of the … 2000 52 次引用

Melatonin and climactery. Review

Medical science monitor … 2000 11 次引用

Melatonin and clinical application. Review

Reproduction, nutrition, development 1999 64 次引用

The use of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia. Review

Biological signals and … 1999 48 次引用

Management of insomnia. Review

Journal of the … 1999 24 次引用

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders. Other

Current treatment options … 1999 23 次引用

Melatonin therapy: from benzodiazepine-dependent insomnia to authenticity and autonomy. Other

Archives of internal … 1999

[Usefulness of melatonin for developmental sleep and emotional/behavior disorders--studies of melatonin trial on 50 patients with developmental disorders]. Other

No to hattatsu … 1999

Melatonin and jet-lag. Review

European journal of … 1999

Beyond benzodiazepines: alternative pharmacologic agents for the treatment of insomnia. Review

The Annals of … 1998 169 次引用

Disorders of the sleep-wake cycle in adults. Review

Postgraduate medical journal 1998 17 次引用

The physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in humans. Review

Hormone research 1998

Melatonin. Review

American family physician 1997

Melatonin and insomnia. RCT

Journal of sleep … 1996 95 次引用

Nocturnal melatonin secretion and sleep after doxepin administration in chronic primary insomnia. RCT

Pharmacopsychiatry 1996

Circadian sleep regulation in the absence of light perception: chronic non-24-hour circadian rhythm sleep disorder in a blind man with … Case Report

Sleep 1993

Sulphur acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis. Other

Canadian journal of … 1984 22 次引用

Carbohydrate fermentation by Clostridium difficile. Other

Microbiology and immunology 1982 41 次引用

Regulation of terminal differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes by vitamin A. Other

Cell 1981 747 次引用

Dosage & Usage

mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units

常用剂量

general:: 0.5-3 mg, 30-60 min before bed
jetlag:: 0.5-5 mg

上限： No established UL; 5 mg typically considered maximum

研究中使用的剂量

剂量	持续时间	效果	N
melatonin + buspirone hydrochloride	--	Neutral	--
Melatonin (various doses), CBT-I (behavioral), pharmacologic options (z-drugs, other)	--	Positive	--
Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang (CCJF) traditional Chinese medicine formula; dose not specified	--	Positive	--
None	--	Positive	55
10 mg/kg body weight	2 weeks	Positive	24
Scheduled melatonin, scheduled sleep-wake times, bright light therapy	--	Positive	--
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Positive	51

最佳服用时间： 30-60 minutes before bed

Safety & Side Effects

已报告的副作用

⚠ Daytime drowsiness
⚠ Headache
⚠ Dizziness
⚠ Nausea
⚠ Vivid dreams or nightmares

已知相互作用

● Blood thinners (warfarin) — may increase bleeding risk
● Immunosuppressants — melatonin may stimulate immune function
● Diabetes medications — may affect blood sugar levels
● Sedatives and CNS depressants — additive drowsiness

可耐受最高摄入量： No established UL; 5 mg typically considered maximum

在开始服用任何补充剂之前，请务必咨询您的医疗保健提供者。

Frequently Asked Questions

Does 褪黑素（Melatonin） help with 失眠?

Based on 237 studies with 54,266 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that 褪黑素（Melatonin） may support 失眠 management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

How much 褪黑素（Melatonin） should I take for 失眠?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 0.5-3 mg, 30-60 min before bed. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Are there side effects of 褪黑素（Melatonin）?

Reported side effects may include Daytime drowsiness, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

How strong is the evidence for 褪黑素（Melatonin） and 失眠?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 237 peer-reviewed studies with 54,266 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

Related Evidence

其他成分用于失眠

缬草根 A CBD（大麻二酚） A Omega-3 脂肪酸 A 色氨酸（Tryptophan） A 维生素 D A 薰衣草 A

褪黑素（Melatonin）用于其他健康状况

昼夜节律障碍 A 时差综合征 A 轮班工作睡眠障碍 A 入睡困难 A 年龄相关性睡眠变化 B

快速结论

基于143项研究（13项荟萃分析、15项RCT），共44,766名参与者。92/143项研究显示积极效果。

Evidence Strength92%

High confidence

研究分析

RCT (25)Meta (13)Other (199)

对比替代方案

查看其他成分针对该健康状况的对比结果。

查看所有成分用于失眠

了解更多

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