Melatonin untuk Insomnia

Q: Does Melatonin help with Insomnia?

Based on 237 studies with 54,266 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that Melatonin may support Insomnia management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

Q: How much Melatonin should I take for Insomnia?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 0.5-3 mg, 30-60 min before bed. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Q: Are there side effects of Melatonin?

Reported side effects may include Daytime drowsiness, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

Q: How strong is the evidence for Melatonin and Insomnia?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 237 peer-reviewed studies with 54,266 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

Berdasarkan 143 studi (13 meta-analyses, 15 RCTs) dengan 44,766 peserta secara total. 92/143 studi menunjukkan efek positif.

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Kesimpulan

Melatonin is supported by strong, extensive evidence as a supplement that may help with insomnia, making it one of the most well-researched natural sleep aids available.

143 studies with 44,766 participants — among the largest evidence bases for any sleep supplement
13 meta-analyses and 15 RCTs provide high-quality evidence
Recognized in multiple clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements
About 64% of studies show positive effects; results may vary by insomnia type and population

Key Study Findings

Other

A bedside-savior for insomnia and anxiety disorders: melatonin/buspirone hydrochloride compound oral fast-dissolving film.

Dose: melatonin + buspirone hydrochloride vs: None Outcome: product development for insomnia with anxiety Efek: None None

Populasi: patients with insomnia and anxiety disorders (formulation development)

review

Pediatric Insomnia.

Dose: Melatonin (various doses), CBT-I (behavioral), pharmacologic options (z-drugs, other) vs: Placebo Efek: CBT-I most effective treatment; melatonin beneficial in children with ASD or ADHD; limited evidence None

animal study

Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang alleviates insomnia complicated with depression by reshaping actinobacteria to inhibit neuronal …

Dose: Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang (CCJF) traditional Chinese medicine formula; dose not specified vs: Placebo Efek: None None

Observational Study n=55

Correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels in Japanese 5-year-old children …

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin … Efek: None p<0.05

Populasi: Japanese 5-year-old children (45 ASD, 10 non-ASD)

Controlled Clinical Trial n=24 2 weeks

D-Ribose-L-Cysteine protects against sodium arsenite-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats.

Dose: 10 mg/kg body weight vs: Sodium arsenite group (SA, no riboceine) Outcome: Hepato-nephrotoxicity markers (ALT, AST, creatinine) Efek: None None

Populasi: Rats with sodium arsenite-induced toxicity

review

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder.

Dose: Scheduled melatonin, scheduled sleep-wake times, bright light therapy vs: Placebo Efek: None None

Key Statistics

237

Studi

54266

Peserta

↑

Positive

Peringkat

Referenced Papers

Question: Is it safe for people with cancer and other serious conditions to combine cannabidiol with melatonin when neither has … Other

Journal of clinical … None

Pediatric Insomnia. Review

Pediatrics in review 2026

Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang alleviates insomnia complicated with depression by reshaping actinobacteria to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Other

Phytomedicine : international … 2026

A bedside-savior for insomnia and anxiety disorders: melatonin/buspirone hydrochloride compound oral fast-dissolving film. Other

European journal of … 2026

Correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels in Japanese 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Other

PCN reports : … 2026

Navigating Melatonin Safety: Fact, Fiction, and Confounders. Other

Journal of pineal … 2026

Clinical practice guidelines for switching or deprescribing hypnotic medications for chronic insomnia: Results of European neuropsychopharmacology and sleep expert's consensus … Systematic Review

Sleep medicine 2025 13 sitasi

Melatonin use in typically developing (TD) children: International Pediatric Sleep Association (IPSA) Expert Consensus Recommendations for Healthcare Providers. Other

Sleep medicine 2025 13 sitasi

Insomnia in older adults: A review of treatment options. Review

Cleveland Clinic journal … 2025 12 sitasi

Shift work sleep disorder. Review

Handbook of clinical … 2025 10 sitasi

Nutritional Supplements for Healthy Aging: A Critical Analysis Review. Review

American journal of … 2025 6 sitasi

Over-the-counter products for insomnia in adults: A scoping review of randomised controlled trials. Review

Sleep medicine 2025 4 sitasi

Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder: From the pathophysiologic perspective to the treatment. Review

Handbook of clinical … 2025 4 sitasi

Effect of graduated drug therapy for moderate-to-severe chronic insomnia on the severity of disease: an observational study in Germany. Observational

Journal of clinical … 2025 3 sitasi

Neurochemical Insights into the Role of Tryptophan Metabolites and Kynurenine Pathway in Insomnia and its Psychological and Neurological Comorbidities. Review

Molecular neurobiology 2025 3 sitasi

Sleep deprivation activated AMPK/FOXO3a signaling mediates pineal autophagy impairment to reduce melatonin secretion in CUMS + SD rats leading to … Other

Neuroscience letters 2025 3 sitasi

The Efficacy of Melatonergic Receptor Agonists Used in Clinical Practice in Insomnia Treatment: Melatonin, Tasimelteon, Ramelteon, Agomelatine, and Selected Herbs. Review

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2025 2 sitasi

Melatonin's paradox: From therapeutic benefits to toxicity warnings. Review

Chemico-biological interactions 2025 2 sitasi

ADHD as a circadian rhythm disorder: evidence and implications for chronotherapy. Other

Frontiers in psychiatry 2025 1 sitasi

Melatonin dose and timing: Do we have it right? Review

CNS spectrums 2025 1 sitasi

Melatonin agonist tasimelteon (HETLIOZ®) improves sleep in patients with primary insomnia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. RCT

PloS one 2025 1 sitasi

Circadian Rhythm Timing and Associations With Sleep Symptoms in People With Insomnia. Other

Journal of pineal … 2025 1 sitasi

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. Review

JAAPA : official … 2025 1 sitasi

Unraveling the connection between the Mediterranean diet and sleep health: from biological mechanisms to clinical implications. Review

Sleep & breathing … 2025

Therapeutic Dilemma: Melatonin or not? Other

Paediatrics & child … 2025

Lactobacillus reuteri E9 Regulates Sleep Disorders Through Its Metabolite GABA. Other

Frontiers in bioscience … 2025

Unraveling Cannabidiol's Bidirectional Regulation of Melatonin Pharmacokinetics via PEPT1/CYP1A2: Mechanistic Insights and Quantitative Projections. Other

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 2025

Banxia Shumi Decoction Improves Sleep and Neural Function in Insomnia Male Rats via BDNF/TrkB/CREB-Dependent Melatonin Signaling Activation. Other

Neurochemical research 2025

D-Ribose-L-Cysteine protects against sodium arsenite-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats. Other

Nigerian journal of … 2025

[Nutrition in improving sleep quality and fighting insomnia]. Review

Nutricion hospitalaria 2025

Melatonin for blood pressure control in adults. Other

The Cochrane database … 2025

A prospective randomized controlled trial of antioxidants in human IVF and embryo culture media. RCT

Human reproduction (Oxford, … 2025

Melatonin: beyond circadian regulation - exploring its diverse physiological roles and therapeutic potential. Review

Sleep medicine reviews 2025

[Sleep and neurodevelopment: a timely subject]. Review

Biologie aujourd'hui 2025

Melatonin, Melatonin Receptors and Sleep: Moving Beyond Traditional Views. Review

Journal of pineal … 2024 40 sitasi

Optimizing the Time and Dose of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Drug: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Dose-Response … Meta-Analysis

Journal of pineal … 2024 31 sitasi

Melatonin use in managing insomnia in children with autism and other neurogenetic disorders - An assessment by the international pediatric … Other

Sleep medicine 2024 24 sitasi

Herbal and Natural Supplements for Improving Sleep: A Literature Review. Other

Psychiatry investigation 2024 24 sitasi

Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis Improves Overall Sleep Quality in Human Subjects with Sleep Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical … RCT

Advances in therapy 2024 24 sitasi

Interventions for insomnia in cancer patients and survivors-a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis

JNCI cancer spectrum 2024 24 sitasi

Evaluation and management of insomnia in the clinical practice in Italy: a 2023 update from the Insomnia Expert Consensus Group. Review

Journal of neurology 2024 21 sitasi

European expert guidance on management of sleep onset insomnia and melatonin use in typically developing children. Review

European journal of … 2024 19 sitasi

Impact of a Novel Valerian Extract on Sleep Quality, Relaxation, and GABA/Serotonin Receptor Activity in a Murine Model. Other

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2024 17 sitasi

Molecular strategies to enhance the keratinase gene expression and its potential implications in poultry feed industry. Other

Poultry science 2024 17 sitasi

Shen Yuan extract exerts a hypnotic effect via the tryptophan/5-hydroxytryptamine/melatonin pathway in mice. Other

Journal of ethnopharmacology 2024 13 sitasi

The therapeutic potential of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Polygalae Radix in insomnia management: Insights from gut microbiota and serum metabolomics … Other

Journal of ethnopharmacology 2024 13 sitasi

Delayed sleep wake phase disorder in adolescents: an updated review. Review

Current opinion in … 2024 12 sitasi

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sleep. Review

The Psychiatric clinics … 2024 11 sitasi

Inhibition of sulfur assimilation by S-benzyl-L-cysteine: Impacts on growth, photosynthesis, and leaf proteome of maize plants. Other

Plant physiology and … 2024 9 sitasi

Effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia and sleep hormones in patients with diabetes mellitus. RCT

Frontiers in endocrinology 2024 9 sitasi

Insomnia in children affected by autism spectrum disorder: The role of melatonin in treatment. Review

Sleep medicine 2024 8 sitasi

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease: if when and how. Review

Expert opinion on … 2024 7 sitasi

Melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists in the treatment of nocturia: A systematic review. Systematic Review

Neurourology and urodynamics 2024 7 sitasi

Melatonin use in infants and toddlers. Other

Sleep medicine 2024 6 sitasi

Biosynthetic Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain: Insights and Implications. Other

International journal of … 2024 5 sitasi

Temazepam or Melatonin Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Insomnia in Advanced Cancer: A Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized … RCT

Journal of palliative … 2024 5 sitasi

A scoping review of over-the-counter products for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older people. Review

BMC complementary medicine … 2024 5 sitasi

Commonly encountered symptoms and their management in patients with cirrhosis. Review

Frontiers in medicine 2024 4 sitasi

Catching ZZZs: A Summary of the Most Common Herbal Medications Taken for Insomnia. Review

American journal of … 2024 3 sitasi

The use of prolonged-release melatonin in circadian medicine: a systematic review. Systematic Review

Minerva medica 2024 3 sitasi

Comparison Between Efficacy of Oral Melatonin and Oral L-theanine in Improving Sleep in Cancer Patients Suffering From Insomnia: A Randomised … Other

Indian journal of … 2024 3 sitasi

Efficacy and Tolerability of a Food Supplement Based on Zea mays L., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.br.ex Sm, Zinc and Chromium … RCT

Nutrients 2024 3 sitasi

Impact of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on spindle morphology and reactive oxygen species in vitrified/warmed in vitro matured bovine oocytes. Other

Reproduction in domestic … 2024 2 sitasi

[Melatonin for the regulation of sleep and other biological rhythms]. Review

Zhurnal nevrologii i … 2024

[Pharmacotherapies for insomnia]. Other

La Revue du … 2024

Effects of the PREMEN-CALM® in the Management of the Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. RCT

Journal of dietary … 2024

The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023. Review

Journal of sleep … 2023 505 sitasi

Current Insights into the Risks of Using Melatonin as a Treatment for Sleep Disorders in Older Adults. Review

Clinical interventions in … 2023 41 sitasi

Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. RCT

Journal of sleep … 2023 40 sitasi

Melatonin as a Chronobiotic with Sleep-promoting Properties. Review

Current neuropharmacology 2023 38 sitasi

Efficacy of Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis

Neuropediatrics 2023 21 sitasi

Efficacy of melatonin and ramelteon for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: A systematic review and … Meta-Analysis

Journal of sleep … 2023 17 sitasi

Melatonin-related dysfunction in chronic restraint stress triggers sleep disorders in mice. Other

Frontiers in pharmacology 2023 14 sitasi

Complementary and alternative treatments for insomnia disorder: a systematic umbrella review. Systematic Review

Journal of sleep … 2023 12 sitasi

Ziwuliuzhu Acupuncture Modulates Clock mRNA, Bmal1 mRNA and Melatonin in Insomnia Rats. Other

Journal of acupuncture … 2023 11 sitasi

Pistacia vera Extract Potentiates the Effect of Melatonin on Human Melatonin MT1 and MT2 Receptors with Functional Selectivity. Other

Pharmaceutics 2023 7 sitasi

Objective Diagnosis of Circadian Rhythm Disorders. Other

Journal of clinical … 2023 6 sitasi

Updates and confounding factors in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. Review

Sleep and biological … 2023 6 sitasi

Complementary and Integrative Approaches to Sleep Disorders in Children. Review

Child and adolescent … 2023 5 sitasi

Influence of mental health medication on microbiota in the elderly population in the Valencian region. Other

Frontiers in microbiology 2023 3 sitasi

Melatonin and Aging. Review

Sub-cellular biochemistry 2023 2 sitasi

The Involvement of Melatonin and Tasimelteon against Alzheimer's Disease. Review

Current drug safety 2023 2 sitasi

Digital Addiction and Sleep. Review

International journal of … 2022 107 sitasi

Melatonin in sleep disorders. Review

Neurologia 2022 78 sitasi

Physiological and pharmacological perspectives of melatonin. Review

Archives of physiology … 2022 69 sitasi

Efficacy of melatonin for chronic insomnia: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Meta-Analysis

Sleep medicine reviews 2022 48 sitasi

Melatonin in sleep disorders. Review

Neurologia 2022 47 sitasi

Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Review

Current neuropharmacology 2022 40 sitasi

Melatonin use during pregnancy and lactation: A scoping review of human studies. Review

Revista brasileira de … 2022 30 sitasi

The Effects of the Exogenous Melatonin on Shift Work Sleep Disorder in Health Personnel: A Systematic Review. Systematic Review

International journal of … 2022 25 sitasi

Hypnotic and Melatonin/Melatonin-Receptor Agonist Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Meta-Analysis

CNS drugs 2022 25 sitasi

[Therapeutic approaches for sleep and rhythms disorders in children with ASD]. RCT

L'Encephale 2022 21 sitasi

Assessing the potential for drug interactions and long term safety of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in children with … Review

Expert review of … 2022 17 sitasi

Is Shift Work Sleep Disorder a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components? A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies. Systematic Review

Metabolic syndrome and … 2022 16 sitasi

A Reduced Tryptophan Diet in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Improves Their Abdominal Symptoms and Their Quality of Life … Other

International journal of … 2022 14 sitasi

Women's mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan-melatonin axis. Review

Frontiers in physiology 2022 10 sitasi

Evaluation of the pharmacological effects and exploration of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Ciwujia tablets in treating insomnia … Other

Frontiers in pharmacology 2022 9 sitasi

Melatonin as a complementary and prophylactic agent against COVID-19 in high-risk populations: A narrative review of recent findings from clinical … Review

Fundamental & clinical … 2022 5 sitasi

Inhibitory effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), n-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor (KN93) on Cd2+-induced abnormal cell … Other

The Science of … 2022 4 sitasi

Insomnia treatment: a new multitasking natural compound based on melatonin and cannabis extracts. Observational

La Clinica terapeutica 2022 4 sitasi

The use of dietary supplements for mental health among the Saudi population: A cross-sectional survey. Other

Saudi pharmaceutical journal … 2022 4 sitasi

Melatonin Prescribing in Assisted Living. Other

Journal of the … 2022 4 sitasi

Structural basis of the ligand binding and signaling mechanism of melatonin receptors. Other

Nature communications 2022

Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship. Other

Annual review of … 2021 149 sitasi

Neurocognitive effects of melatonin treatment in healthy adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis … Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience and biobehavioral … 2021 90 sitasi

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: a Contemporary Review of Neurobiology, Treatment, and Dysregulation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Review

Neurotherapeutics : the … 2021 73 sitasi

Biological rhythms and chronotherapeutics in depression. Review

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology … 2021 68 sitasi

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sleep. Review

Child and adolescent … 2021 61 sitasi

Evening wear of blue-blocking glasses for sleep and mood disorders: a systematic review. Systematic Review

Chronobiology international 2021 47 sitasi

Pediatric prolonged-release melatonin for insomnia in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Other

Expert opinion on … 2021 34 sitasi

An investigation into an evening intake of a saffron extract (affron®) on sleep quality, cortisol, and melatonin concentrations in adults … RCT

Sleep medicine 2021 32 sitasi

The effect of melatonin on sleep quality and insomnia in patients with cancer: a systematic review study. Systematic Review

Sleep medicine 2021 25 sitasi

[Effect of electroacupuncture on serum melatonin and dopamine in aged insomnia]. RCT

Zhongguo zhen jiu … 2021 19 sitasi

Nutraceuticals for Sleep Disorders. Review

Combinatorial chemistry & … 2021 16 sitasi

Regulatory aspects and evidences of melatonin use for sleep disorders and insomnia: an integrative review. Review

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2021 16 sitasi

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Medications Used in Older People for the Treatment of Primary … Systematic Review

The Senior care … 2021 12 sitasi

Use of Nutraceutical Ingredient Combinations in the Management of Tension-Type Headaches with or without Sleep Disorders. Review

Nutrients 2021 4 sitasi

[Nutrition impact on insomnia treatment]. Review

Nutricion hospitalaria 2021 3 sitasi

Sleep and pain: recent insights, mechanisms, and future directions in the investigation of this relationship. Review

Journal of neural … 2020 194 sitasi

Insomnia and menopause: a narrative review on mechanisms and treatments. Review

Climacteric : the … 2020 97 sitasi

Sleep Issues in Parkinson's Disease and Their Management. Review

Neurotherapeutics : the … 2020 80 sitasi

Efficacy and safety of melatonin for sleep onset insomnia in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Meta-Analysis

Sleep medicine 2020 71 sitasi

The efficacy of melatonin and melatonin agonists in insomnia - An umbrella review. Systematic Review

Journal of psychiatric … 2020 52 sitasi

Efficacy of melatonin for sleep disturbance in middle-aged primary insomnia: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial. RCT

Sleep medicine 2020 41 sitasi

Efficacy and safety of non-benzodiazepine and non-Z-drug hypnotic medication for insomnia in older people: a systematic literature review. Systematic Review

European journal of … 2020 39 sitasi

Therapy for Insomnia and Circadian Rhythm Disorder in Alzheimer Disease. Review

Current treatment options … 2020 29 sitasi

Prescription Drugs Used in Insomnia. Review

Sleep medicine clinics 2020 27 sitasi

Dietary sources of melatonin and benefits from production of high melatonin pasteurized milk. Other

Journal of food … 2020 24 sitasi

Melatonin and melatonin agonists as treatments for benzodiazepines and hypnotics withdrawal in patients with primary insomnia. A systematic review. Systematic Review

Drug and alcohol … 2020 20 sitasi

Effect of L-cysteine, Boswellia serrata, and Whey Protein on the Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Pork Patties. Other

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 15 sitasi

Sleep-inducing effect of Passiflora incarnata L. extract by single and repeated oral administration in rodent animals. Other

Food science & … 2020 12 sitasi

Optimized one-pot derivatization and enantioseparation of cysteine: Application to the study of a dietary supplement. Other

Journal of pharmaceutical … 2020 8 sitasi

Study on the preventive effect of ramelteon on the onset of sleep disorder after general anesthesia in patients with autism … Other

Medicine 2020 4 sitasi

Melatonin attenuates 17β-trenbolone induced insomnia-like phenotype and movement deficiency in zebrafish. Other

Chemosphere 2020 4 sitasi

Melatonin for insomnia in children. Other

The Medical letter … 2020 2 sitasi

Structural basis of ligand recognition at the human MT1 melatonin receptor. Other

Nature 2019 186 sitasi

Melatonin: Another avenue for treating osteoporosis? Review

Journal of pineal … 2019 124 sitasi

Pediatric sleep disturbances and treatment with melatonin. Review

Journal of translational … 2019 93 sitasi

Sleep regularity is associated with sleep-wake and circadian timing, and mediates daytime function in Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder. RCT

Sleep medicine 2019 50 sitasi

Pharmacotherapeutic management of sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Review

Expert opinion on … 2019 49 sitasi

The effect of aromatherapy with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on serum melatonin levels. Other

Complementary therapies in … 2019 29 sitasi

A combination of melatonin, vitamin B6 and medicinal plants in the treatment of mild-to-moderate insomnia: A prospective pilot study. Other

Complementary therapies in … 2019 26 sitasi

Clinical Pearls on Sleep Management in Atopic Dermatitis. Review

Dermatitis : contact, … 2019 7 sitasi

Chronic oral administration of Passiflora incarnata extract has no abnormal effects on metabolic and behavioral parameters in mice, except to … Other

Laboratory animal research 2019 5 sitasi

Teens Who Can't Sleep: Insomnia or Circadian Rhythm Disorder? Case Report

Journal of the … 2019 5 sitasi

[Melatonin and sleep disorders: Overview of literature and testing in psychiatric practice]. Review

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie 2019 4 sitasi

Advice for travelers. Review

The Medical letter … 2019

New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation. Review

British journal of … 2018 685 sitasi

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. RCT

Journal of child … 2018 133 sitasi

Insomnia in Elderly Patients: Recommendations for Pharmacological Management. Review

Drugs & aging 2018 131 sitasi

The Relationship Between Shift Work and Men's Health. Review

Sexual medicine reviews 2018 74 sitasi

The use and misuse of exogenous melatonin in the treatment of sleep disorders. Review

Current opinion in … 2018 29 sitasi

Jetlag related sleep problems and their management: A review. Review

Travel medicine and … 2018 27 sitasi

[Melatonin: Physiological and pharmacological aspects related to sleep: The interest of a prolonged-release formulation (Circadin®) in insomnia]. Review

L'Encephale 2018 21 sitasi

Recurrent Chemical Meningitis Due to Parasellar Epidermoid Cyst. Case Report

Cureus 2018 4 sitasi

[Melatonin for children with insomnia]. Review

Ugeskrift for laeger 2018 2 sitasi

[Which alternative to benzodiazepines, Z-pills and other hypnotics for aged people ? Melatonin, valerian, or clomethiazole]. Systematic Review

Revue medicale suisse 2018 2 sitasi

The role of tryptophan metabolism in postpartum depression. Review

Metabolic brain disease 2018

[Insomnia in hospital]. Other

Nederlands tijdschrift voor … 2018

European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Other

Journal of sleep … 2017 1691 sitasi

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice … Other

Journal of clinical … 2017 1097 sitasi

A review of sleep disorders and melatonin. Review

Neurological research 2017 331 sitasi

Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Review

Nutrients 2017 301 sitasi

Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. RCT

Journal of the … 2017 245 sitasi

Melatonin Natural Health Products and Supplements: Presence of Serotonin and Significant Variability of Melatonin Content. Other

Journal of clinical … 2017 226 sitasi

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Review

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2017 132 sitasi

Insomnia: Pharmacologic Therapy. Review

American family physician 2017 124 sitasi

Treatment of Sleep Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Review

Current treatment options … 2017 56 sitasi

Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-24-h Sleep-Wake Disorder in the Blind. Review

Drugs 2017 45 sitasi

Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Drugs for Treating Behavioural Insomnia in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review with Methodological … Systematic Review

Paediatric drugs 2017 26 sitasi

Sleep Disorders: Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Review

FP essentials 2017 15 sitasi

An update of management of insomnia in patients with chronic orofacial pain. Review

Oral diseases 2017 14 sitasi

Community Pharmacists' Knowledge Regarding Donepezil Averse Effects and Self-Care Recommendations for Insomnia for Persons with AD. Other

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) 2017 5 sitasi

MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: A Therapeutic Perspective. Review

Annual review of … 2016 557 sitasi

Review of Safety and Efficacy of Sleep Medicines in Older Adults. Review

Clinical therapeutics 2016 328 sitasi

Pediatric Insomnia. Review

Chest 2016 109 sitasi

Melatonin has multiorgan effects. Review

European heart journal. … 2016 77 sitasi

Tryptophan Intake in the US Adult Population Is Not Related to Liver or Kidney Function but Is Associated with Depression … Review

The Journal of … 2016 76 sitasi

Sleep Control, GPCRs, and Glucose Metabolism. Review

Trends in endocrinology … 2016 36 sitasi

Optimization of Corneal Epithelial Progenitor Cell Growth on Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Membranes. Other

Stem cells international 2016 14 sitasi

Protective Effects of AGE and Its Components on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Other

Neuromolecular medicine 2016

Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Other

Sao Paulo medical … 2015 131 sitasi

Assessment and treatment of insomnia in adult patients with alcohol use disorders. Review

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 2015 122 sitasi

Jet Lag and Shift Work Disorder. Review

Sleep medicine clinics 2015 75 sitasi

Treatment of chronic insomnia disorder in menopause: evaluation of literature. Review

Menopause (New York, … 2015 73 sitasi

Melatonin and Melatonin Agonists as Adjunctive Treatments in Bipolar Disorders. Review

Current pharmaceutical design 2015 56 sitasi

Over-the-Counter Agents for the Treatment of Occasional Disturbed Sleep or Transient Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety. Other

The primary care … 2015 51 sitasi

Some implications of melatonin use in chronopharmacology of insomnia. Review

European journal of … 2015 38 sitasi

Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder. Review

Sleep medicine clinics 2015 30 sitasi

Tasimelteon for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. Review

Drugs of today … 2015 15 sitasi

Is melatonin useful for jet lag? Meta-Analysis

Medwave 2015 6 sitasi

Melatonin: functions and ligands. Review

Drug discovery today 2014 191 sitasi

Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Meta-Analysis

The Cochrane database … 2014 131 sitasi

Nutritional supplements for the treatment of ADHD. Review

Child and adolescent … 2014 42 sitasi

Strategies of Functional Foods Promote Sleep in Human Being. Other

Current signal transduction … 2014 41 sitasi

[Consensus document on the clinical use of melatonin in children and adolescents with sleep-onset insomnia]. Other

Anales de pediatria … 2014

[Insomnia, melatonin and prudence]. Other

Anales de pediatria … 2014

Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. Meta-Analysis

PloS one 2013 447 sitasi

Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Review

Journal of the … 2013 219 sitasi

Circadian rhythm abnormalities. Case Report

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2013 172 sitasi

Circadian rhythm disorders among adolescents: assessment and treatment options. Review

The Medical journal … 2013 59 sitasi

To sleep or not to sleep: a systematic review of the literature of pharmacological treatments of insomnia in children and … Systematic Review

Journal of child … 2013 56 sitasi

Air travel: effects of sleep deprivation and jet lag. Review

Chest 2013 53 sitasi

Intrinsic circadian period of sighted patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free-running type. CCT

Biological psychiatry 2013 40 sitasi

Melatonin: comprehensive profile. Review

Profiles of drug … 2013 26 sitasi

Melatonin and its analogs in insomnia and depression. Review

Journal of pineal … 2012 322 sitasi

Pharmacotherapy of insomnia. Review

Expert opinion on … 2012 116 sitasi

Melatonin in cardiovascular disease. Other

Expert opinion on … 2012 42 sitasi

The effects of glycine on subjective daytime performance in partially sleep-restricted healthy volunteers. Other

Frontiers in neurology 2012 27 sitasi

Controlled-release melatonin, singly and combined with cognitive behavioural therapy, for persistent insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized … RCT

Journal of sleep … 2012

Shift work disorder case studies: applying management principles in clinical practice. Case Report

The Journal of … 2012

The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Review

Movement disorders : … 2011 1083 sitasi

The effect of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc on primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents in Italy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled … RCT

Journal of the … 2011 138 sitasi

Melatonin in experimental seizures and epilepsy. Review

Pharmacological reports : … 2011 99 sitasi

Melatonin receptor agonists: new options for insomnia and depression treatment. Meta-Analysis

CNS neuroscience & … 2011 73 sitasi

Melatonin agonists in primary insomnia and depression-associated insomnia: are they superior to sedative-hypnotics? Review

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology … 2011 71 sitasi

Tasimelteon for insomnia. Review

Expert opinion on … 2011 22 sitasi

Perioperative melatonin use. Review

Anaesthesia and intensive … 2011 18 sitasi

Ramelteon for Insomnia Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Other

Psychopharmacology bulletin 2011 1 sitasi

Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics. Review

Journal of pineal … 2011

Effects of a tart cherry juice beverage on the sleep of older adults with insomnia: a pilot study. RCT

Journal of medicinal … 2010 157 sitasi

Jet lag, circadian rhythm sleep disturbances, and depression: the role of melatonin and its analogs. Review

Advances in therapy 2010 136 sitasi

Melatonin agonists and insomnia. Review

Expert review of … 2010 58 sitasi

Keratinolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis AMR using human hair. Other

Letters in applied … 2010 57 sitasi

Ready for takeoff? A critical review of armodafinil and modafinil for the treatment of sleepiness associated with jet lag. Other

Nature and science … 2010 3 sitasi

Treatment of shift work disorder and jet lag. Other

Current treatment options … 2010

The pathophysiology of jet lag. Review

Travel medicine and … 2009 101 sitasi

Circadian rhythm disorders. Review

Seminars in neurology 2009 17 sitasi

[Insomnias. II. Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment options]. Meta-Analysis

Der Nervenarzt 2009 6 sitasi

[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]. Review

Tidsskrift for den … 2009 6 sitasi

Melatonin for primary insomnia? Review

Drug and therapeutics … 2009

[Delayed sleep phase type sleep disorder and chronotherapy]. Case Report

Turk psikiyatri dergisi … 2009

Sleep timing and circadian phase in delayed sleep phase syndrome. Other

Journal of biological … 2009

Tasimelteon, a melatonin agonist for the treatment of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Other

Current opinion in … 2009

Long-term follow-up of melatonin treatment in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. Other

Journal of pineal … 2009

The roles of melatonin and light in the pathophysiology and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Review

Nature clinical practice. … 2008 139 sitasi

Melatonergic drugs in clinical practice. Review

Arzneimittel-Forschung 2008 89 sitasi

Jet lag: therapeutic use of melatonin and possible application of melatonin analogs. Review

Travel medicine and … 2008 84 sitasi

Pharmacotherapy for insomnia. Review

Clinics in geriatric … 2008 53 sitasi

Efficacy and clinical safety of ramelteon: an evidence-based review. Review

Sleep medicine reviews 2008 46 sitasi

Melatonin treatment in individuals with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled study. RCT

Journal of intellectual … 2008

Complementary and alternative medicine for sleep disturbances in older adults. Review

Clinics in geriatric … 2008

A clinical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Review

Sleep medicine 2007 201 sitasi

Therapeutic options for sleep-maintenance and sleep-onset insomnia. Review

Pharmacotherapy 2007 117 sitasi

Insomnia associated with valerian and melatonin usage in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Other

Sleep 2007 58 sitasi

Self-reported efficacy and tolerability of ramelteon 8 mg in older adults experiencing severe sleep-onset difficulty. RCT

The American journal … 2007 41 sitasi

Circadian rhythmicity and the pharmacologic management of insomnia. Review

The American journal … 2007 3 sitasi

Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Review

Sleep 2007

Hypothermic effects of hops are antagonized with the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole in mice. Other

The Journal of … 2007

Shift work sleep disorder: burden of illness and approaches to management. Review

Drugs 2006 110 sitasi

Melatonin: Nature's most versatile biological signal? Review

The FEBS journal 2006 56 sitasi

Somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with low performance status. Other

Cancer biotherapy & … 2006 29 sitasi

Searching for new options for treating insomnia: are melatonin and ramelteon beneficial? Review

Journal of psychiatric … 2006

Idiopathic chronic sleep onset insomnia in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Other

Chronobiology international 2005 272 sitasi

Valerian extract and valerenic acid are partial agonists of the 5-HT5a receptor in vitro. Other

Brain research. Molecular … 2005 160 sitasi

The human circadian system in normal and disordered sleep. Review

The Journal of … 2005

Sleep disturbances before and after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Other

Surgery 2005

Organ-specific stress induces mouse pancreatic keratin overexpression in association with NF-kappaB activation. Other

Journal of cell … 2004 60 sitasi

Circadian rhythm disorders. Review

Seminars in neurology 2004 16 sitasi

Melatonin, sleep, and circadian rhythms: rationale for development of specific melatonin agonists. Review

Sleep medicine 2004

Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Review

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2003 719 sitasi

Melatonin in children and adolescents with insomnia: a retrospective study. Other

Clinical pediatrics 2003

Brief report: melatonin facilitates sleep in individuals with mental retardation and insomnia. RCT

Journal of autism … 2003

Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. RCT

Journal of the … 2003

Melatonin deficiencies in women. Review

Maturitas 2002 59 sitasi

Anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Review

Primary care 2002 43 sitasi

Over-the-counter sleeping pills: a survey of use in Hong Kong and a review of their constituents. Review

General hospital psychiatry 2002 38 sitasi

[Melatonin and epilepsy]. Review

Revista de neurologia 2002 35 sitasi

Chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion with hypofunction or with hyperfunction of the biological clock. Review

Magnesium research 2002 25 sitasi

Melatonin in sleep disorders and jet-lag. Review

Neuro endocrinology letters 2002

Nocturnal cortisol and melatonin secretion in primary insomnia. Other

Psychiatry research 2002

Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia. RCT

The Journal of … 2001 305 sitasi

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: pathophysiology and potential approaches to management. Review

CNS drugs 2001 135 sitasi

Herbs and nutrients in the treatment of depression, anxiety, insomnia, migraine, and obesity. Other

Journal of psychiatric … 2001 42 sitasi

[Drug for the treatment of sleep disorders--review]. Review

Zeitschrift fur arztliche … 2001 3 sitasi

Zinc supplementation. Other

Journal of the … 2000 52 sitasi

Melatonin and climactery. Review

Medical science monitor … 2000 11 sitasi

Melatonin and clinical application. Review

Reproduction, nutrition, development 1999 64 sitasi

The use of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia. Review

Biological signals and … 1999 48 sitasi

Management of insomnia. Review

Journal of the … 1999 24 sitasi

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders. Other

Current treatment options … 1999 23 sitasi

Melatonin therapy: from benzodiazepine-dependent insomnia to authenticity and autonomy. Other

Archives of internal … 1999

[Usefulness of melatonin for developmental sleep and emotional/behavior disorders--studies of melatonin trial on 50 patients with developmental disorders]. Other

No to hattatsu … 1999

Melatonin and jet-lag. Review

European journal of … 1999

Beyond benzodiazepines: alternative pharmacologic agents for the treatment of insomnia. Review

The Annals of … 1998 169 sitasi

Disorders of the sleep-wake cycle in adults. Review

Postgraduate medical journal 1998 17 sitasi

The physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in humans. Review

Hormone research 1998

Melatonin. Review

American family physician 1997

Melatonin and insomnia. RCT

Journal of sleep … 1996 95 sitasi

Nocturnal melatonin secretion and sleep after doxepin administration in chronic primary insomnia. RCT

Pharmacopsychiatry 1996

Circadian sleep regulation in the absence of light perception: chronic non-24-hour circadian rhythm sleep disorder in a blind man with … Case Report

Sleep 1993

Sulphur acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis. Other

Canadian journal of … 1984 22 sitasi

Carbohydrate fermentation by Clostridium difficile. Other

Microbiology and immunology 1982 41 sitasi

Regulation of terminal differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes by vitamin A. Other

Cell 1981 747 sitasi

Dosage & Usage

mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units

Dosis yang Umum Digunakan

general:: 0.5-3 mg, 30-60 min before bed
jetlag:: 0.5-5 mg

Batas atas: No established UL; 5 mg typically considered maximum

Dosis yang Diteliti dalam Penelitian

Dosis	Durasi	Efek	N
melatonin + buspirone hydrochloride	--	Neutral	--
Melatonin (various doses), CBT-I (behavioral), pharmacologic options (z-drugs, other)	--	Positive	--
Compound Chaijin Jieyu Fang (CCJF) traditional Chinese medicine formula; dose not specified	--	Positive	--
None	--	Positive	55
10 mg/kg body weight	2 weeks	Positive	24
Scheduled melatonin, scheduled sleep-wake times, bright light therapy	--	Positive	--
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Positive	51

Waktu terbaik diminum: 30-60 minutes before bed

Safety & Side Effects

Efek Samping yang Dilaporkan

⚠ Daytime drowsiness
⚠ Headache
⚠ Dizziness
⚠ Nausea
⚠ Vivid dreams or nightmares

Interaksi yang Diketahui

● Blood thinners (warfarin) — may increase bleeding risk
● Immunosuppressants — melatonin may stimulate immune function
● Diabetes medications — may affect blood sugar levels
● Sedatives and CNS depressants — additive drowsiness

Asupan atas yang dapat ditoleransi: No established UL; 5 mg typically considered maximum

Selalu konsultasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Melatonin help with Insomnia?

Based on 237 studies with 54,266 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that Melatonin may support Insomnia management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

How much Melatonin should I take for Insomnia?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 0.5-3 mg, 30-60 min before bed. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Are there side effects of Melatonin?

Reported side effects may include Daytime drowsiness, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

How strong is the evidence for Melatonin and Insomnia?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 237 peer-reviewed studies with 54,266 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

Related Evidence

Bahan lain untuk Insomnia

Akar Valerian A CBD A Asam Lemak Omega-3 A Tryptophan A Vitamin D A Lavender A

Melatonin untuk kondisi lain

Gangguan Ritme Sirkadian A Jet Lag A Gangguan Tidur Kerja Shift A Kesulitan Onset Tidur A Perubahan Tidur Terkait Usia B

Kesimpulan Singkat

Berdasarkan 143 studi (13 meta-analyses, 15 RCTs) dengan 44,766 peserta secara total. 92/143 studi menunjukkan efek positif.

Evidence Strength92%

High confidence

Rincian Studi

RCT (25)Meta (13)Other (199)

Bandingkan Alternatif

Lihat bagaimana bahan lain dibandingkan untuk kondisi ini.

Lihat semua bahan untuk Insomnia

Pelajari Lebih Lanjut

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