Protective effects of a probiotic-fermented germinated grain complex on neurotransmitters and sleep quality in sleep-deprived mice.
Study Design
- Çalışma Türü
- animal study (preclinical)
- Müdahale
- Protective effects of a probiotic-fermented germinated grain complex on neurotransmitters and sleep quality in sleep-deprived mice. 7 L fermentation product; GABA 12.555 µmol/L, L-theanine 0.471 mg/mL
- Karşılaştırıcı
- Placebo
- Etki Yönü
- Positive
- Yanlılık Riski
- High
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of probiotic fermentation products of germinated grains on cognitive and sleep improvement in mice with sleep deprivation induced by chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), and to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the development of natural products to alleviate insomnia. METHODS: ELISA and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid and L-theanine in fermentation products. Open Field Test was used to analyze the changes of emotional behavior between groups before and after intervention. ELISA was used to analyze the changes of hypothalamic serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and serum interleukin 6. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes of intestinal flora before and after the intervention of compound fermentation products. LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the changes of intestinal SCFAs before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The content of GABA and L-theanine in 7 L fermentation products was 12.555 μmol/L (1.295 mg/L) and 0.471 mg/mL by ELISA. Compared with the PCPA-induced Model group, the sleep duration of the KEY group was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Compared with the PCPA-induced Model group, the number of crossing the central lattice in the KEY group was significantly increased, and the number of grooming was significantly reduced (all p < 0.05), suggesting that the anxiety behavior of the mice was improved. In addition, this study found that the compound fermentation products could significantly increase the content of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT, GABA and Glu in the hypothalamus of mice, reduce the content of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum, regulate the structure of intestinal flora and increase the content of short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION: Probiotic fermentation products of germinated grains can significantly improve sleep deprivation in PCPA mice, which may be related to regulating the levels of neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors, improving the structure of intestinal flora, and increasing the content of short-chain fatty acids. This study provides new candidates and research directions for the development of natural drugs to alleviate insomnia.
Full Text
Figures
Figure 1
Experimental groups and the overall study design are presented, showing the allocation of sleep-deprived mice to different treatment arms including probiotic-fermented germinated grain complex and controls.
flowchart
Figure 2
Neurotransmitter levels including GABA and serotonin are compared across treatment groups, indicating that the probiotic-fermented germinated grain complex may help restore neurotransmitter balance disrupted by sleep deprivation.
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Figure 3
Sleep quality parameters measured in PCPA-induced sleep-deprived mice are displayed across treatment groups. The probiotic-fermented germinated grain complex group showed trends toward improved sleep duration.
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Figure 4
Brain tissue histological sections from sleep-deprived mice are compared across groups, revealing structural differences associated with the probiotic-fermented germinated grain treatment.
micrograph
Figure 5
Behavioral test results assessing cognitive function in sleep-deprived mice demonstrate potential improvements in the group receiving the probiotic-fermented germinated grain complex.
chart
Figure 6
Gut microbiota composition analysis reveals shifts in bacterial populations following probiotic-fermented germinated grain supplementation in sleep-deprived mice.
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Figure 7
Correlation analysis between gut microbiota changes and neurotransmitter levels suggests that microbiome modulation by the probiotic-fermented grain complex may contribute to improved sleep-related outcomes.
chart
Figure 8
A mechanistic summary diagram depicts the proposed pathway by which probiotic-fermented germinated grains influence the gut-brain axis to improve neurotransmitter balance and sleep quality.
diagramTables
Table 1
| Group name | Management method | Whether to build a model | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal group (Control) | Free water | No | 5 |
| Model group (Model) | Free water | Yes | 5 |
| Experimental group (KFY) | Free drink fermented liquid | Yes | 5 |
| Diazepam group (DZP) | Drinking water with diazepam | Yes | 5 |
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