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Figure 2. Risk of bias included in the study.

Figure 3 Chart

Risk of bias assessment across included studies evaluates methodological quality domains such as randomization, blinding, and outcome reporting in aroma therapy trials.

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma …

Figure 3. The risk of bias using RevMan.

Figure 4 Chart

Traffic-light visualization of risk of bias for individual studies included in the aroma inhalation therapy meta-analysis, generated using RevMan software, reveals varying methodological quality.

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma …

Figure 4. Funnel plot of the publication bias.

Figure 5 Chart

Funnel plot analysis assesses potential publication bias among studies included in the meta-analysis of aroma inhalation therapy for sleep problems, with symmetry indicating low risk.

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma …

Figure 6. The regression analysis of aroma therapy program according to years about for the slope of the primary outcome.

Figure 7 Chart

Meta-regression analysis examines whether the effectiveness of aroma inhalation therapy for sleep problems varies by program duration or publication year, revealing trends in the slope of the primary outcome.

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma …